U zaštićenim područjima Srbije 12 projekata hidroenergetike - finansijeri banke

U zaštićenim područjima Srbije 12 projekata hidroenergetike - finansijeri banke

BANKE PODSTIČU PROJEKTE HIDRO-CENTRALA KOJI UNIŠTAVAJU REKE BALKANA 

Međunarodne razvojne banke podržale su najmanje 82 hidro-energetska projekta širom Jugoistočne Evrope, uključujući i u zaštićenim područjima, čime doprinose uništavanju netaknutih balkanskih reka, navodi se u studiji međunarodne nevladine organizacije "CEE Bankwatch Network". U Srbiji se 12 projekata, čiji su finansijeri utvrđeni, nalazi se u zaštićenim područjima, a vodeći finansijeri hidroenergetike u Srbiji su banke Erste i Unikredit.

Od 2005. godine Evropska banka za obnovu i razvoj (EBRD), Evropska investiciona banka (EIB) i Grupa Svetske banke odobrile su kredite i garancije od ukupno 727 miliona evra za 82 hidro-elektrane.

To obuhvata 37 projekata u zaštićenim područjima - nacionalnim parkovima i područjima "Natura 2000" i u međunarodno priznatim oblastima visoke vrednosti biodiverziteta kao što su značajna područja gde se okupljaju ptice.

U studiji koja obuhvata Albaniju, Bosnu i Hercegovinu, Bugarsku, Hrvatsku, Kosovo, Makedoniju, Crnu Goru, Srbiju i Sloveniju, navodi se da je EBRD najveći poznati finansijer hidroenergetike na Balkanu koji je sa 126 miliona evra podržao ukupno 61 hidroenergetsko postrojenje, od čega 29 u zaštićenim područjima ili međunarodno priznatim područjima značajnim za biodiverzitet.

Studijom kojom je dopunjen izveštaj iz 2015. godine, utvrđeno je da novac koji plasiraju komercijalne banke "igra ključnu ulogu u omogućavanju kontroverznih hidroenergetskih projekata".

"Finansiranje koje pružaju komercijalne banke je teže pratiti zbog nedostatka transparentnosti u tom sektoru, ali autori studije su identifikovali 158 postrojenja s takvim finansiranjem, od kojih je 55 u zaštićenim područjima ili međunarodno priznatim područjima značajnim za biodiverzitet", piše u saopštenju.

U Srbiji su vodeći finansijeri takvih projekata banke Erste (26 projekata) i Unikredit (10).

Erste banka je finansirala grupu od sedam postrojenja na granici Nacionalnog parka Kopaonik, kod Jošaničke banje. Te hidrolektrane, i još osam u istom području koje se finansiraju iz drugih izvora, ostavile su, kako je navedeno, veliki deo lokalnih reka s malo ili bez i malo vode tokom većeg dela godine.

Unicredit banka finansira projekat "Zvonce" kod Babušnice, koji se sada gradi, uprkos protestima meštana okolnih sela.

Dvanaest projekata u Srbiji, čiji su finansijeri utvrđeni, nalazi se u zaštićenim područjima, a najveći pritisak je u Parku prirode Stara Planina, budućem području pod zaštitom EU, Natura 2000.

U studiji je navedeno da od multilateralnih razvojnih banaka, EIB predvodi po posrednim kreditima preko komercijalnih banaka čime je finansirala 12 projekata u Srbiji.

EBRD je i u projektima rehabilitacije starih hidroelektrana, kao i u četiri direktne investicije kod Jošaničke banje, i pet projekata za koje je novac plasiran preko Unikredit i jednom preko banke Sosijete ženeral.

"CEE Bankwatch Network" upozorava da hidronergetska postrojenja svih veličina i kapaciteta mogu imati značajne štetne uticaje na zaštićena područja, naročito kada nedostaje sredstava i sposobnosti za "odlučan inspekcijski nadzor".

Zbog povlašćene cene otkupa električne energije, predviđene za male hidroelektrane, taj sektor privlači investitore povezane političkim i ekonomskim elitama koje "često posluju na granici ili s druge strane zakona".

Autori studije i saradnici ističu da Srbija treba da razvija sektor obnoviljivih izvora energije, ali upozoravaju da je šteta koju prouzrokuju male hidroelektrane velika u poređenju s proizvedenom električenom energijom.

Oni smatraju da finansijeri moraju preuzeti deo odgovornosti i osigurati usklađivanje s domaćim i međunarodnim standardima, jer "neodgovorne investicije mogu zauvek uništiti stotine netaknutih balkanskih reka".

Upozorava se da je oko 2.800 novih brana planirano na teritoriji između Slovenije i Albanije, zbog čega su "EuroNatur" i "RiverWatch" pokrenuli kampanju "Sačuvajmo plavo srce Evrope", u okviru koje je urađena studija o finansiranju malih hidroelektrana.



PRILOG

FINANCING FOR HYDROPOWER IN PROTECTED AREAS IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE

3.9 Serbia

As noted above, the research was not able to capture the majority of new Serbian projects, but of the 88 screened, 57 are greenfield and 34 of these are in protected areas. Five of the greenfield projects have entered operation in the last ten years, three are under construction and 46 are planned and potential (3 are unclear).

Project sponsors have been identified in 35 greenfield cases. Of these, 10 make up the Ibar river cascade which is to be carried out by Ibarske hidroelektrane d.o.o., 51% owned by Italy’s SECI Energia S.p.A., and 49% Elektroprivreda Srbije (EPS). In spite of a flurry of political agreements between Serbia, Italy and other Western Balkan countries a few years ago which were heralded as a great opportunity to earn money by exporting electricity at very high prices, there is not much progress with this project so far.

Another project with Italian involvement is Lusis and Partners’s series of Kolovrat and five more hydropower plants on the Lim.

Another notable project sponsor is British Virgin Islands-registered Renwable Energy Ventures (REV d.o.o.), owned by Canada’s Reservoir Capital Corporation (also involved in projects on the Cehotina in Bosnia and Herzegovina and on the Lim in Montenegro).

Unlike in the Lim case, however, the company, which has its background in the mining sector rather than hydropower plants, has not hesitated to push the project forward, undeterred by local resistance or having its environmental permit quashed by a court.48 Finance for greenfield plants has been identified in 14 projects. Of these 14, five have received financing from the EBRD. None of them are in protected areas. Four small projects are financed from commercial banks (3 by Erste and one by Unicredit through an EBRD credit line). Since 2013, the EIB has supported the construction of nine SHPPs in Serbia with over EUR 12 million through credit lines to Erste Bank and Intesa Sanpaolo Bank49. The remainder of projects identified are financed by the project sponsor’s own resources.

Annex 1 – Methodology

The research was based on a database provided by EuroNatur and Riverwatch of 937 existing and planned hydropower plants, and on the study by Dr Ulrich Schwarz on hydropower plants in protected areas.51 The countries covered are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Aoos river in Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. For the purpose of this analysis, we used the EuroNatur/Riverwatch database to establish the starting set of projects to be researched. We then used the resources outlined below to compile our own database of hydropower projects.

The plants discovered during the research were added for Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. However this practice was not continued for the remaining countries after it was found that the Serbian national database of small hydropower projects contained over 800 entries, which would not be possible to examine with the time and resources available, and in any case is being revised currently.

Information resource overview

Commercial banks
Serbia

  • Banca Intesa Beograd – e-mail information request from 29.4.2015 left unanswered
  • UniCredit Bank - e-mail information request from 29.4.2015 left unanswered
  • Societe Generale - e-mail information request from 29.4.2015 left unanswered

48 For more information on this case in Serbian, see http://www.kontrapress.com/clanak.php?rub=GRADovanje&url=Konacnoresenje-o-Brodarevu
49 http://www.eib.org/projects/pipeline/2011/20110350.htmhttp://www.eib.org/infocentre/press/releases/all/2013/2013-101-eib-and-intesa-sanpaolo-lend-over-eur-650-million-forsmes-renewable-energy-and-the-environment-social-housing-and-student-loans.htm

Foto/prilog: Bank Watch
Izvor: Euractiv 

BALKAN RIVERS SAJTFB STRANA 
RIVER WATH SAJT, FB STRANA 

EURO NATUR SAJT, FB STRANA, TVITER
CEE BANK WATH SAJT, FB STRANA, TVITER


PRVI PRVI NA SKALI Ko nam truje decu

ppns - modli

APELI


PPNS/KG VODIČ

PPNS/RADION

PPNS/RADION - EMISIJE KOJE VIŠE NISU NA FM

Print Friendly and PDF

Komentara: 0

Dodaj komentar

Facebook komentari

Anketa

Da li ste protiv GMO u Srbiji?

Ostale ankete
https://www.facebook.com/stop.gmo.srbija/ https://ekologijakragujevac.rs/ https://www.facebook.com/groups/543555452379413/ https://www.facebook.com/PrviPrviNaSkali/ https://www.facebook.com/savez.slepihkragujevac http://www.pmf.kg.ac.rs/botanicka_basta/index.html https://ckkg.org.rs/ http://www.pozoristezadecu.com/ https://www.okvirzivota.org.rs/ http://vrabac.rs/ https://www.ijfk.info/ https://joakimfest.rs/ http://www.conviviummusicum.com/sr/ http://www.nbkg.rs/index.html https://telok.org.rs/ https://aiesec.org.rs/lokalna-kancelarija-kragujevac/ https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100064845214187 https://www.spdradnickikragujevac.com/ https://www.facebook.com/konamtrujedecu/ http://www.drustvosrpskihdomacina.org.rs/ https://www.facebook.com/PrviPrviNaSkali/ https://www.facebook.com/Pupinizacija-582808185210353/ https://sveoarheologiji.com/ https://prviprvinaskali.com/clanci/dren/ekologija/mali-vodeni-ekosistem-u-botanickoj-basti-realizovan-projekat-ug-svetli-horizonti.html http://www.pekgora.org/ http://fondacijarsum.org/ http://www.vfphysical.rs/ http://www.milutinstefanovic.com/ http://nevenaignjatovic.com/ http://www.ipsport.net/ http://marepannoniumgarden.blogspot.rs/-i-dupont.html http://www.epodzaci.org/ http://www.prvagimnazija.edu.rs/index.php/nastava/van-nastave/sopce https://www.pasarela.rs/o-nama/ http://zoran-spasojevic.blogspot.com/ http://www.audioifotoarhiv.com/ http://www.littlelighthouse.net/ http://kozmicbluesemisija.blogspot.com/ https://www.facebook.com/groups/ZoranModli https://www.facebook.com/groups/131568206482/ https://www.facebook.com/stop.gmo.srbija https://prviprvinaskali.com/clanci/recju/autori-ppns/aleksandra-ninkovic-tasic/mihajlo-i-pupin-sa-pasnjaka-do-naucenjaka.html https://prviprvinaskali.com/clanci/slikom/glagoljanja/arcibald-rajs-o-budzaklijskoj-politici.html https://prviprvinaskali.com/clanci/podrska-ppns/podrzi-rad-ug-prvi-prvi-na-skali-donacijom-na-racun-1504516749.html